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    Rising from the Ashes

    Stories of Sorrow, Redemption and Rebirth: Innovation Summer 2020 In 2020, The Glass Files participated in the first 100% remote MetaBronx Innovation Summer, which welcomed 100 student apprentices from 3…

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    Apprentices: International Edition

    The living history of American immigration in The Bronx Since the days of Jonas Bronck, the first Swedish settler to make his home on native Lenape land in 1639, the…

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    Apprentices: Next Generation

    In The Bronx, startups partner with high schools to create a new apprenticeship model for education This summer, 40 students from Bronx Academy for Software Engineering (BASE) were accepted to…

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    Rising Apprentices

    Summer of Success: meet the Summer 2017 cohort at The Glass Files! This Summer marked the 2nd in a row that our Bronx-based tech startup The Glass Files partnered with tech…

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    Lieutenant Colonel Lee Andrew Archer

    Back in the early 1940s when the U.S. Army did not accept black pilots, my grandfather, Lee Andrew Archer, was accepted into an experimental training program for black aviators at…

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The Glass Files
The place for History on the Internet.

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“I can’t be human on my own.” - Desmond Tutu “I can’t be human on my own.” - Desmond Tutu

Most of the time, #infinitewisdom #quotes don’t come from a #latenight #talkshow - but in that sense  The Late Late Show with Craig Ferguson was different, and in fact the #interview of @desmondtutu  earned a @peabodyawards for the #broadcast in 2009.

It’s well worth everybody’s time to watch the episode on YouTube where you can watch the March 4th 2009 show in its entirety. 

The habitually self-deprecatory Craig Ferguson later explained that the 23 minute conversation changed his life because Mr Tutu was “the most impressive human being i’ve ever met”.

The quote we’re sharing comes in the context of the archbishop explaining how he was able to maintain his message of collaboration between peoples despite the #violence and #evil of #segregation in South Africa.

And Desmond Tutu explains that humans can exist only as part of #humankind - that it’s either all of us together or none of us at all.

Thank you @desmondtutu for imparting #wisdom that the #world so desperately needs right now!

#historicalquotes #wisdom #piety #humanity #love #archbishopdesmondtutu #nelsonmandela #humankind #forgiveness #magnanimity #compassion #discrimination #apartheid #southafrica #conciliation #journalism #broadcasting #peabody
Lyrics from the chorus of the beautiful song “Th Lyrics from the chorus of the beautiful song “The Stairs” by @officialinxs originally released on the #album “X” in 1990 by #recordlabels @atlanticrecords @mercuryrecords @warnermusic @elektrarecords 

Even though the song is 30 years old, it describes exactly the feeling you got from walking around the #emptystreets of #nyc at the height of the #pandemic #shutdown in New York City.

All of a sudden, the act of passing another person on subway or street #stairs had a much deeper meaning than the usual #anonymity of the City.

Especially if you passed a #nurse or #doctor or #healthcareworker coming from or going to work - you couldn’t help from get a deep #feeling of #endless #gratitude that you had a chance to give them a thankful #smile😊 

And the song is nostalgic and poetic and hopeful, with the inimitable voice of @michael_kelland_john_hutchence impossible for your #emotions to ignore.

Go to the @theglassfiles Twitter page to get the link to the video.

#historicalquotes #music #greatbands #greatmusic #lyrics #songwriting #covid_19 #pandemiclife #urbanlives #solidarity #healthcareheroes #darkdays #hope #gratitude
This famous literary quote is always presented wit This famous literary quote is always presented without its last line, “that we are underlings,” probably because it’s so much more powerful without it. 

Applying this quote to American culture in the early 21st century: humans rarely enjoy making themselves accountable for their own actions, much less the combined actions of entire societies! And yet all the blessings we enjoy in the United States of America are in large part the result of some people taking it upon themselves to solve problems that affect all people, not just themselves.

We would do well to look inward if we want to find the reasons for the madness of our current events - and no one should be exempt from this exercise.

#quotes #literature #truth #USA #shakespeare #cassius #brutus #juliuscaesar #authoritarianism #extremism #repression #empathy #selfassessment #responsibility #freedomofchoice #history
Today is the 75th anniversary of D-Day landing of Today is the 75th anniversary of D-Day landing of Allied troops off the coast of Normandy, France.

D-Day was the start of Allied operations which would ultimately liberate Western Europe, defeat Nazi Germany and end the World War II. It was the largest seaborne invasion in history. 
The invasion was conducted in two main phases: an airbone assault and amphibious landings. 
Shortly after midnight on June 6, Allied paratroopers were dropped into the invasion area to provide tactical support for infantry division on the beaches. The 5 beaches that the Allies invaded were: Utah Beach, Omaha Beach, Gold Beach, Juno Beach, and Sword Beach. 
Germany tried to defend the northern coast of France with a series of fortifications known as the “Atlantic Wall”. However, German defenses were incomplete and insufficiently manned. 
On D-Day, the Allies landed around 156,000 troops in Normandy. Over 425,000 Allied and German troops were killed, wounded or went missing during the Battle of Normandy. 
Nations involved on the D-Day invasion were: Australia, Canada, Belgium, France, Czechoslovakia, Greece, New Zealand, the Netherlands, Norway, Poland, the United Kingdom, and the United States. 
Finally, Allied forces of Britain, America, Canada, and France attacked the German forces, with a huge force of over 150,000 soldiers, gaining the victory that became the turning point for World War II in Europe. - written by Lianny from CIHS.

References: 
Imperial War Museum 
Wikipedia 
The D-Day Story Portsmouth 
History 
Ducksters

#onthisday #history #worldwar2 #dday #dday75 #dday75thanniversary #army #navy #airforce #allies #alliedexpeditionaryforce #militaryhistory #victory #photography #photojournalism #robertcapa
June 4, 1989 is an important day in modern Chinese June 4, 1989 is an important day in modern Chinese history. On this day 30 years ago, a student democracy movement that lasted for more than 50 days ended with suppression by the Chinese government.

On April 15th, 1989, Hu Yaobang, who was regarded as the leader of the reformists, died. On April 21st, hundreds of thousands of students began to strike and gathered in Tiananmen Square, waiting for the Hu Yaobang memorial meeting held the next day. This is the real beginning of the 1989 school movement.

In the late 1980s, China’s economic reforms entered a bottleneck, mainly cause by corruption. The students’ demands were simple: promoting political reforms to curb the spread of corruption.

At that time, the students used a lot of methods to petition and protest. They decided to take an indefinite strike protest on the principle of non-violence and non-resistance. On that night, there were more than 200,000 students in Tiananmen Square. - written by a student from Crotona International High School (CIHS)

Sources: @apnews @bbc @abcnews @businessinsider 
#theglassfiles #history #familyhistory #onthisday #tiananmensquare #tiananmen #china #beijing #huyaobang #june4 #reform #strike #hungerstrike #protest #students #studentmovement #democracy #civilrights #humanrights #peacefulprotest #nonviolence
We are tackling a family history unit with Ms. Ali We are tackling a family history unit with Ms. Ali, Social Studies teacher at Crotona International High School, and her Platinum (12th grade) students.
She brought in the globes to help connect migration patterns to culture, economics, conflict and family stories... and we’re already getting some pretty incredible stories.
Ali led by sharing her own story of her ancestors’ immigration from Greece and students are catching the investigative bug and with excitement seeking out the oldest pictures they can find that tell a piece of their tale.
#education #culture #family #familyhistory #immigration #internacional #international
Congrats to the young women coordinating the @bitb Congrats to the young women coordinating the @bitbybitnyc tech fair @daltonschoolnyc today with confidence and poise. How did we meet? Our booths were adjacent at #csfairnyc where Sarah talked with Layla. Looking forward to attending again next year!

#swag #entrepreneurship #womenintech
Happy Dominican Independence day. On this day Feb Happy Dominican Independence day.

On this day February 27, 1844 Dominican Republic officially won its independence.

As I was researching the story of Dominican independence I was surprised to learn how much I didn’t know.

That's why history is interesting and important - you discover new things every day.

I was fascinated to learn that Dominican Republic was colonized by Haiti for a period of 22 years. It turns out that the Haitian government imposed heavy taxation on Dominicans in a attempt to raise funds for 60 million francs owed to the former French colonists.

The people resented being forced to grow cash crops under the rule of Haitian president Jean-Pierre Boyer and his advisor Joseph Inginac. In the capital city of Santo Domingo the effects of the occupation were most severely felt and that's where the movement for independence originated.

After the independence of 1844, a general named Pedro Santana had conflict with the presidency of Buenaventura Baez who had bankrupted the nation's economy for himself. Santana asked Spain to take control of Dominican Republic since the country was facing economic crisis as well as the possibility of a renewed attack from Haiti.

17 years after their independence from Haiti, Spain re-colonized the country which led to the Dominican Restoration War that ended in 1865 with Dominican independence restored. -post by Esmarlin from BASE

#quisqueyana #independence #onthisday #1844 #february27 #dr #dominican #pride #history #klk #orgulloso #platanopower🇩🇴
It is important to know those who came before us. It is important to know those who came before us. That's why we celebrate Black History Month, to honor historic leaders of the black community and to remind us that all black history is our history.

While I was watching 13th, a documentary by @Ava DuVernay on @netflix, I realized that I am related to black history. My father is a Dominican dark colored person and he has always traveled in and out of the United States. For him to tell me that when he first came, when he was 16 in 1995, that there was still a lot of discrimination, was heartbreaking.

According to the documentary, in 1990 the American prison population was 1,170,200, by 2000 it went up to 2,015,300 and the majority of those prisoners were black. It made me think that slavery didn't end in 1865 - there was still segregation happening while my father was here in the USA.

That's why I find Black History Month so important because my father was able to stay on his feet in a country while he experienced the effects of institutional racism. This isn’t to say that discrimination isn’t going on to this day, but you can say it’s not as widespread. -Esmarlin Fernandez

#blackhistorymonth #blackhistory #13th #13thamendment #documentary #netflix #family #history #dominican #dominicanamerican #experiences
Flashback to last Friday’s meeting with Vice Pre Flashback to last Friday’s meeting with Vice President of the Union of Federated Teachers Sterling Roberson and stakeholders of the Bronx tech ecosystem. We were joined by current and former MetaBronx apprentices from Bronx Academy for Software Engineering - if we can’t solve the problems of today they will have to, so might as well get them fully involved from the get go.

#intergenerational #entrepreneurship #apprenticeship #cte #technology #literacy #economicdevelopment #coalition #cooperation
Gerta Pohorylle, also known as Gerda Taro, was a j Gerta Pohorylle, also known as Gerda Taro, was a jewish war photographer active during the Spanish Civil War. Taro was born August 1, 1910 in Stuttgart, Germany to a middle class family who had just emigrated to East Galicia, where she attended high school and college. By 1929 her family moved to Leipzig (a city in Germany) due to the Nazi rise to power. Taro, just like many people, opposed the Nazi government. In 1933 she was arrested for distributing propaganda against the National Socialists forcing her family to go their separate ways. When she was 23 years old she headed for Paris, never to see her family again. 
The following year while in Paris she met photographer Robert Capa and they became lovers. Robert Capa taught her photographic techniques. When the Spanish Civil War broke out in 1936 they covered it as a team photographing troops and soldiers. However things took a unexpected turn, Capa became famous for their documentation of the war while Taro was left behind. Eventually she was confident enough to emerge on her own, which she did for five months of her life until July 26, 1937, when at the age of 26 she was crushed by a tank while covering the Republican offensive in the Battle of Brunete near Madrid.

Despite the fact that her career was tragically cut short, her legacy survives to this day. Taro’s bravery in the face of the war and all the conflict she witnessed lives on through her photographs.

It is amazing to see women get attention in a time when there was so much discrimination against them. She worked hard with her partner to capture images of the Spanish Civil War and Robert Capa got all the credit. However, she finally got the recognition she deserves. It’s such a shame she died so young and in such a violent way but at least she died doing something she loves.

Let’s not forget amazing women like Gerda Taro. -post by Esmarlin Fernandez from BASE

#WomenPower #SpanishCivilWar #photographer #GerdaTaro #bravery #RobertCapa #legacy #discrimination #war #love #startuplearning #history #tbt
Susan Meiselas is an American photographer born in Susan Meiselas is an American photographer born in Baltimore Maryland on June 21, 1948. She is known for her photographs of the Nicaraguan Revolution from 1962-1990 and American carnival strippers. Due to the success of her photographs she was associated with Magnum Photos in 1976 and since then has been a full member. 
Photographs of War-Torn Nicaragua

Susan Meiselas was itching to get on a plane to Nicaragua and didn’t know whether she should go or not, she didn’t know if she would return. “I know i will be pulled into the current of history” she said. During her 12 years there she captured images of Sandinista rebels, one of them being Pablo Arauz holding a pepsi bottle made into a homemade explosive. This image became a symbol of resistance that current protesters have resurrected 40 years later. She photographed rotting corpses and masked rebels fighting for their indepence. She photographed as a group heading to the university in Managua was attacked on the road by unidentified armed men after a major march. 
Nicaraguan Revolution 
The revolution was in opposition to the dictatorship of Anastasio Somoza Garcia during which he ruled his people with violence. The Sandinista National Liberation Front fought a violent rebellion to overthrow the dictator. This revolution was significant to Nicaragua history and was one of their major wars that lasted 28 years. Even if their intention was to overthrow the Somoza regime, there were many deaths - tens of thousands of people died.

This is a picture of Susan Meiselas during her time in Nicaragua in September 1978. I personally think this is an amazing portrait of this woman in the middle of a revolution risking her life and not knowing if she would return home. Look at the soldiers in the back: she is not intimidated by them, she is walking in this firm and strong confident manner with her camera photographing important history. - post by Esmarlin Fernandez from BASE

For more amazing photography by Susan visit her website: http://www.susanmeiselas.com 
#SusanMeiselas #Rebels #Sandinistas #Confident #WomenPower #NiguaraHistory #Nicaragua #Revolution #Photographs #Portraits #Pepsi #startuplearning #History
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